12 - American Civil War Begins

1861: American Civil War begins. Confederate forces fire on Fort Sumter in South Carolina for 34 hours.

1912: Hawaii's Queen Lili'uokalani lays the cornerstone for Lili'uokalani School in Kaimuki.

1934: "Tender Is the Night," by F. Scott Fitzgerald was first published.

1945: President Franklin Roosevelt, 63, dies of a cerebral hemorrhage in Warm Springs, Georgia. He was succeeded by Vice President Harry S. Truman.

1955: Salk vaccine against polio is declared safe and effective.

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Today's Birthdays:
Orator/statesman Henry Clay (1777-1852)
Typewriter inventor John T. Underwood (1857-1937)
Photographer Imogen Cunningham (1883-1976)
Nobel Prize winner Jan Tinbergen (1903-1994)
Opera singer Lily Pons (1904-1976)
Austrian-born sculptor Felix de Weldon (1907-2003)
American scientist Benjamin Libet (1916-2007)
American writer Beverly Cleary (1916)
Sri Lankan Politician Lakshman Kadirgamar (1932)
Jazz musician Herbie Hancock (1940)
Heisman Trophy winner Mike Garrett (1944)
Talk show host David Letterman (1947)
American author Tom Clancy (1947)
American writer Scott Turow (1949)
Finnish architect Kari Palaste (1950)
Teen heartthrob David Cassidy (1950)
Cuban-born actor Andy Garcia (1956)
Actress Shannen Doherty (1971)
Actress Claire Danes (1979)

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Something to Think About:

"It is not necessary to change. Survival is not mandatory." ~ W. Edwards Deming